SS-31 Overview
A four-amino-acid peptide that goes straight to the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Technical overview
SS-31 (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, where Dmt is 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine) is one of the Szeto-Schiller peptides developed by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller. Its alternating aromatic and basic residues let it cross cell membranes and concentrate in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it binds cardiolipin, the lipid that holds the electron transport chain together.
Research applications
SS-31 is studied in mitochondrial research, including cardiolipin stability, electron transport efficiency, reactive oxygen species, and models of heart failure, kidney injury, aging muscle and inherited mitochondrial disease.